自動化ガイド Action-based testing language Built-in actions User Interface actions Picture Handling

 check picture

check picture

Description

Check a bitmap area of the AUT’s current display against one or more stored baseline images. Result is Passed ifthe displayed image matches one of the baselines; otherwise Failed.

Arguments

• window

  (Optional) TA name of the window.

• control

  (Optional) TA name of the control.

• name

  Identifying name of a regular or shared picture check, a collection of one or more baseline images to be used for comparison with the AUT display.

• question

  (Optional) A question for the tester who will use it, when warranted, to visually verify the contents of the image under test.

• left

  (Optional) Specifies the left border of a rectangular area (referred to as the rect area), relative to the left edge of the active UI element (which is a window, control, or the entire screen, depending on the presence or absence of values in the window and control arguments). The rect area determines the active area (see related notes below). Scanning for a match with the baseline image is limited to this area. (Units: pixels; default=0)

• top

  (Optional) Specifies the top border of the rect area, relative to the top edge of the active UI element. (Units: pixels; default=0)

• width

  (Optional) Specifies the width of the rect area. (Units: pixels; the default is that value which causes the right border of the rect area to coincide with the right border of the active UI element.)

• height

  (Optional) Specifies the height of the rect area. (Units: pixels; the default is that value which causes the lower border of the rect area to coincide with the lower border of the active UI element.)

Valid contexts

This action may be used within the following project items: test modules and user-defined actions.

Notes

• Built-in UI actions applied to iOS devices specify screen coordinates in points rather than pixels. (For further details, refer to the built-in action get screen resolution.)

• This built-in action always applies a pixel-by-pixel image comparison technique.Keypoint detection is not available to check picture.

• check picture looks for an exact match between a stored baseline image and the designated active area of the AUT display. To search for the presence of a baseline image within the active area, use the action check picture exists.

• Note that if the referenced picture check holds multiple baseline images, each one is tested against the AUT bitmap until (and if) a match is found. Only a single “hit” is required for a match to be considered found.

• As a convenience when editing, you may drag the appropriate picture check node from the Picture Checks folder (in the TestArchitect explorer tree) into this action’sname argument.

• A normative outcome of check picture execution is one of the following:

  Check result	Condition	Description
  Passed	pictures match	Referenced picture check holds a baseline image that matches the displayed test image.
  Failed with unverified picture check	no match	Referenced picture check holds no baseline image that matches the displayed test image.
  Warning with unverified picture check	missing picture check	The check picture’s name argument specifies a picture check that does not exist.

  Note that Failed and Warning results are tentative, and that each one is associated with an unverified picture check. Upon completion of the test run, each unverified picture check may be manually accessed and resolved in a way that modifies the final check result. (Alternatively, no further action need be taken on an unverified picture check – that is, you can simply allow its associated test result to stand.)

• Results with unverified picture checks may be resolved at test run completion by means of a Picture Check dialog box, of which there are two varieties:
  • Failed results with unverified picture checks can be resolved through the Picture Check - Changed Picture dialog box, which allows for the possibility of adding the captured test image to the associated picture check as a new baseline picture.
  • Warning results with unverified picture checks are resolvable through the Picture Check - New Picture dialog box, which allows for adding a new picture check (with its name taken from the name argument), with the captured test image as its baseline picture.

• It should be noted that the suggested method for adding picture checks and baseline pictures is to do it “offline”, by means of the Picture Capturing Tool. Adding baseline pictures as a consequence of unverified picture checks during testing is primarily intended for cases of unexpected check picture failures occurring during testing.

• The means by which the Picture Check dialog boxes are presented upon test completion is determined by the built-in setting verify picture. With verify picture set to yes, (verify mode) any unverified picture checks occurring during the test automatically prompt a series of Picture Check dialog boxes to appear upon completion of the test run session. With the setting set to no (non-verify mode), the dialog boxes do not automatically appear, but can be summoned by manual means subsequent to the test session. Non-verify mode (setting verify picture to no) is recommended for unattended serial test runs under batch file control; this avoids the possibility of some tests inhibiting subsequent ones from running due to the need for manual intervention.

• An unverified picture check remains unverified until one of two things occurs: its status is resolved via a Picture Check dialog box (discussed above), or the associated local Results item is moved to the repository. Once a Results item is moved to the repository, tentative Failed and Warning results associated with unverified picture checks are locked in as Failed and Warning, respectively, and any unverified picture checks are discarded.

• This action is applied to that part of the captured bitmap identified as the active area, with the remainder of the image ignored. The active area is determined by the four arguments (left, top, width and height) that define the rect area. To begin with, window and control determine the active UI element, which can be a control, window, or the full screen, as follows:

  window argument	control argument	active UI element is…
  omitted	omitted	entire screen (i.e., entire captured test image
  specified	omitted	entire application window
  specified	specified	specified control

  With the active UI element established, the optional rect area, if defined, specifies a rectangular area relative to the top-left corner of the active UI element. (If none of the four rect arguments are specified, the active area is the active UI element itself.)
  
  

  The above figure illustrates the active area that applies when both the window and control arguments have been specified, establishing the picture control (with the 12 cars) as the active UI element. The rect area itself, specified by left, top, width and height, is the active area.

  重要: 
  The rule to determine the active area of the picture check built-in action is different from the one of other Picture Handling built-in actions, such as, check picture exists, click picture.

• In all cases, the rect area itself, if specified, is the active area. The following three images illustrate the cases for how the active area is determined when the four values (left, top, width, height) of the rect area are specified.
  
  

  The general rule for determining the active area is as follows:

  rect area:	resulting active area:
  not specified	the active UI element
  overlaps the active UI element	the rect area
  no overlap with active UI element	the rect area

• Android: This built-in action, when applied to a connected Android device, requires that the TestArchitect Agent service be running. Note also that, if and when an Android device is restarted, TestArchitect Agent is then stopped. Should this be the case, it is essential that you reactivate the service by observing the following steps:

  1. Connect the Android device to the test controller through a USB cable (not Wi-Fi), if not already so connected.
  2. Open the Android Instrumentation Tool dialog box.
  3. Click the Refresh devices list button.

• This action supports the <ignore> modifier. If the string <ignore> is present as the value of any of the arguments, or any argument contains an expression that evaluates to <ignore>, the action is skipped during execution.

Applicable Built-In Settings

The following settings are applicable to this action: case sensitive,verify picture, remove double quotes from cells, standard ASCII only, object wait, window wait, load invisible controls.

Example

In this example we create a test to verify that the correct car picture is displayed in the Car Rental application when we select a car from the program’s catalog. The action lines below launch the application, navigate to the View Cars window, and select the node for Chevrolet Monte Carlo from the tree view, which should result in the following display:

Our last step in the action lines is to verify that the correct picture is displayed:

Action Lines

Verifying the picture

Note that the check picture action line in the test assumes that we already have a picture check with a name of chevrolet in existence. In this case, we don’t – at least not yet. But as mentioned, when a check picture execution runs up against a nonexistent picture check, the result is a suppressed warning and creation of an unverified picture check. And since the built-in setting verify picture has been set to yes, the unverified picture check prompts a Picture Check – New Picture dialog box to appear upon completion of the test:

Based on the question displayed, “Is it a yellow chevrolet?”, the tester does one of the following:

• if the correct picture is not displayed in the Current tab, click Fail.
• if the picture is correct, click Pass.

As the picture is indeed correct, we would expect our tester to click Pass, which has the following effects:

• The newly-captured picture is saved as a baseline reference in the chevrolet picture check, to be available for future test executions. The picture now becomes visible in the Baseline tab on the Picture Check – New Picture dialog box.
  
  

• The icon for the node in the picture explorer tree (top-left of the dialog box) is changed to a green check mark , indicating a passed picture check.
  
  

Finally, clicking Submit completes the picture verification.

• Whichever option (that is, Pass or Fail) is selected in this dialog box is stored only in temporary memory, and is not saved to the repository, until you click the Submit button.

• The Close button discards the changes (if any) and then closes the dialog box.

• Multiple baselines:

  A picture check is not limited to a single baseline image. Instead, one picture check can store multiple baselines. This is important for those cases in which more than a single bitmap presented by the AUT may be considered acceptable for a given picture check. (Note that one common reason for a picture check having multiple baselines is that a given picture file may be rendered in slightly different ways on different hardware.) When multiple baselines exist for a given picture check, TestArchitect’s criterion for a passed check is that any one of the stored baselines match the test picture.

Subsequent check picture executions - matches and non-matches

After storage of the baseline picture (or, eventually, multiple baseline pictures) in the chevrolet picture check, we may continue to perform test runs. Subsequent executions of the check picture at line 30 perform a capture of the AUT image, then compare it with the picture check’s baseline(s). If the automation finds a match, the result is Passed, with no manual verification required.

If, on the other hand, the newly captured test image does not match the baseline, a new dialog box, Picture Check – Change Picture, appears upon test completion:

In this dialog box, we can again observe the test picture. We also have the option of either comparing it with the test question, or against the existing baseline picture (or pictures), which can be observed by clicking the Baseline subtab. Our options are now:

• Fail: Report this check as having Failed. (That is, the image under test is not one that the AUT was expected to display, nor should have displayed, at the time of execution of this check picture action.)

• Pass, this is the new baseline: Report this check as Passed, remove all existing baseline images, and save the test image as the baseline.

  警告: 
  If the current picture check has multiple baseline pictures, this option removes all of them.

• Pass, but keep the original: Report this check as Passed, but keep the original existing baselines. The test image is discarded.

• Pass, save as a baseline variation: Report this check as Passed, and save the test image as an additional baseline.

Click the Save button to save your decision.

Finally, click the Submit button to complete the picture verification process.

Automation mode

It has been mentioned that test runs with picture checks may be run in either an automated or semi-automated mode. So far, we have looked at semi-automated test runs, in which manual intervention is required at the end of each run. In a production test environment, it is frequently necessary to run tests, often in series, without stopping for human input.

In a production test environment, it is frequently necessary to run serial tests under batch control, without stopping for human input. Under batch file control, however, each test module in a serial batch run is invoked as a separate test run session. The upshot is that, when in semi-automated mode, any single test module with unverified picture checks results in a requirement for human intervention when that test module completes its execution, regardless of whether it is part of a serial test run. To avoid this interruption, ensure that such batch runs are performed in automated mode, thus allowing you to determine if and when manual picture check verifications take place.

Accessing the Picture Check dialog box

We have seen how the Picture Check dialog box is the means by which new images are designated as baselines. We have also seen that the Picture Check dialog box appears automatically at the end of a semi-automated test run, and does not appear at all after an automated test run.

The obvious question here is “What happens when a new image – a baseline candidate – is encountered during an automated run? Is there any way to tell the system to accept that image as a baseline after the fact?”. The answer is Yes.

• As with semi-automated runs, this is achieved by accessing the Picture Check dialog box after the test run has completed.
• As with automated runs:

  • For each results report for a test containing picture checks, TestArchitect maintains records, including images captured from the AUT of every unverified picture check that was conducted during the test run. The icon for the test result that has unverified picture checks has a U overlaid on it. Once you resolve the unverified picture checks. the test result loses its designation.
    
    

    ヒント: 
    In order to resolve unverified picture checks, refer to this topic.

  • An unverified picture check is one that:

    • failed to find a match at the time of a check picture execution, either due to a non-existing named picture check or non-matching pictures, and
    • has not yet had a human review and resolve the check (by selecting a Pass or Fail option) through its associated Picture Check dialog box.

Related concepts

check picture exists

check picture not exists

does picture exist

Image comparison techniques